Simulation of Surface Settlement Induced by Parallel Mechanised Tunnelling

Mechanised tunnelling is extensively utilised for twin tunnel construction, particularly in urban areas. A common challenge encountered during this construction method the occurrence of surface settlement (SS) induced by activities. The integrity nearby structures can be compromised SS, making it imperative to accurately quantify and mitigate phenomenon. Several methods determining SS exist, including empirical formulas laboratory studies. However, these are often constrained specific soil types time-consuming. Moreover, crucial parameters such as operational factors stages omitted from formulas. Given limitations, paper aims address challenges employing 3D numerical analysis simulate tunnelling-induced tunnels. This approach takes into account geometry, sequencing, properties, factors. By incorporating data in-situ tests conducted on ground, engineering established inputs analysis. simulated results obtained compared with field measurements taken available ground markers. transverse pattern derived closely mirrors measurements. Additionally, values above first second tunnels measurements, resulting coefficient determination (R2) 0.94 0.96, respectively. utilisation modelling enables customizable mitigation strategies managing project-specific geotechnical factors, variables. will help plan construct more sustainable minimal effects residential